This WG will facilitate the exchange of ideas, best practices and domain-specific knowledge between blockchain technology providers, scientific researchers, governments and international institutions, for the purpose of supporting and fostering the creation of an identity ecosystem for interoperable, trusted blockchain services. This will be achieved by providing compliance and foundational layers for the governance and interoperability of blockchain applications.

Identity plays an essential role for trusted blockchain applications. It is needed to create a collaborative context with a high level of transparency to encourage honest and good players to provide business value-added functions and supports governance and interoperability.
Identity is a horizontal topic that is needed across implementations of DLT and blockchain as well as its use cases. While the scope of this working group is subject to further work and coordination among the members, a preliminary list of questions can be found in the appendix.

he Healthcare Working Group's purpose is to define stakeholders and their contributions to healthcare technology as well as to establish a channel of communication with regulatory bodies. We are looking to better understand the potential of blockchain to enable and improve regulation in healthcare and provide guidance to organisations implementing blockchain in the field.
Further, we wish to initiate the process of building and collating blockchain into healthcare standards and promote the uptake of blockchain technologies. Finally, we strive to identify and address the technical, organizational, and behavioral economics challenges related to blockchains uptake.

As blockchain matures and its use spreads across industries, healthcare is one of the sectors in which the interaction between technology and regulation becomes more essential.
Because of the sensitivity of the industry, it is crucial that INATBA creates an active collaborative framework, not only to bring regulation and legal clarity to blockchain applications in the healthcare industry, but also to explore how the technology itself could enable regulation in previously overlooked sectors.

This Working Group’s purpose is to support INATBA to in reaching its objective of promoting a transparent and inclusive model of governance for blockchain and other distributed ledger technology infrastructures and applications that reflects the shared interests of stakeholders, from industry, start-ups and SMEs, civil society organisations and public authorities.
In order to foster the healthy development of blockchain/DLT networks and applications built upon those, it is important for everyone affected by a new network to understand how such network is governed. Currently, there is a lack of guidance regarding this multidisciplinary topic which is influenced by economic, social, legal and technical considerations.
This Working Group will contribute to the development of transparent and inclusive models of governance for permissioned as well as un-permissioned networks, analysing the existing legal entities/institutions available for such governance structures and create proposals for amendments or additions, especially taking into account the decentralised management structures, digital access and jurisdictional questions arising in this context.

Currently, there is a lack tools assisting projects in assessing and modelling their governance structures as well as users to analyse governance models.
Furthemore, fundamental mistakes built into initial governance structures are difficult to adopt at a later stage, if at all. Therefore, it is important to enable projects to commence with a proper governance structure, taking into account the various aspects of this topic.
We believe transparent and well articulated governance will be a competitive advantage for networks and a benefit to the whole blockchain and DLT community.

The Finance WG strives to gather all relevant stakeholders, among which includes not only entities that are active in utilizing blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies in the financial sector, but also those impacted
by or interested in such developments. Engagement and dialogue with key policy and regulatory decision makers is an important component of this, helping to advance the implementation of blockchain use cases
(including digital assets / crypto assets) in the financial industry as well as identifiying and addressing deficiencies in the technology and or the relevant regulation.
We look to identify obstacles for pursuing and utilizing blockchain technology (including digital assets) in the financial sector;
and define areas in which an industry wide approach to standards can enable the increased utilization of distributed ledger technologies. The Working Group actively supports and follows members’ efforts in implementing blockchain- based solutions across in the financial sector;
Furthermore, we strive to achieve international standards and harmonisation of the Blockchain terminology used in relation to the financial sector.
We share knowledge and conduct informational and educational activities concerning blockchain and DLT in the financial market.
and look to meet on a regular basis, thus ensuring the proper exchange of information within the working group.

Concrete purpose
The Working Group would like to contribute to a meaningful and sustainable blockchain and DLT development in the financial market and globally, by sharing knowledge, conducting research, and integrating relevant stakeholders into discussions.
Supporters propose the following action items for the Working Group:
Short-term (until November 2019):
→ Analyse the legal framework for blockchain and DLT applications in the financial market, focused on payments and capital markets, and in particular aimed at identifying
(i) regulatory gaps and
(ii) legal obstacles
o Outcome: Working Group’s report to be presented during Malaga conference in powerpoint (visual) format and a whitepaper as a public document
→ Identify entities within the INATBA members that could fall under the scope of the activities of the Finance WG and invite them to take part in the Working Group
o Outcome: all relevant stakeholders invited to the Working Group
→ Engage in the dialogue with the EU institutions and European supervisory bodies (as well as international bodies, if possible) relating to the ongoing initiatives that may have influence on blockchain and DLT applications in the financial market
o Outcome: meetings of the Working Group (not representing individual stakeholders) with the relevant EU institutions with a goal to share the expertise and provide opinions (e.g., respond to the Commission’s DG Connect as they undertake a cost benefit analysis of crypto assets)
→ Create a set of case studies
o Outcome: internal discussion on possible blockchain and DLT applications in finance and their consequences (e.g. a WG workshop at one of INATBA meetings)
→ Perform the initial market analysis of the Decentralized Finance (DeFi) movement, it’s assumptions, related opportunities and risks, legal frameworks, it’s growth etc.
o Outcome: internal Working Group’s report on Decentralized Finance to be presented to INATBA and start being prepared for public release Mid-term (until June 2020): See above. Proposed short term actions
→ Analyse the legal framework for blockchain and DLT applications in the financial market, focused on payments and capital markets, and In particular aimed at identifying
(i) regulatory gaps and
(ii) legal obstacles
o Outcome: Working Group’s report to be presented to the Board of INATBA for consideration as a public document
→ Perform research on the chosen topics, such as:
O AML/CTF and blockchain and DLT: opportunities and risks
O Use of blockchain and DLT in the financial market infrastructure
O Digital asset classification (“ISO” approach)
O Terminology harmonisation
O Legal and technological frameworks for tokenization
O Outcome: thematic reports for internal / external use
→ Organize meetings and workshops with leading blockchain and DLT projects in the financial sector
O Outcome: 3 meetings for Working Group members
Define purpose related to stakeholder
→ Sharing knowledge internally and externally
→ Networking
→ Monitoring developments
→ Looking for synergies
→ Raising problematic issues
→ Achieving a standardised terminology and framework

Finance is undoubtedly a sector with strong potential for blockchain and DLT application and use cases. This includes both solutions developed by large and small financial institutions as well as start-ups and new projects. Moreover, this area is also of high interest for public sector entities and authorities at both the national and international level (EU and non-EU). The supporters are, thus, of the opinion that INATBA should establish a working group focused on blockchain and DLT in the context of financial services.

Due to the threat of climate change, the global energy sector is under increasing pressure to evolve and modernize at a rapid pace and on an uncommonly large scale. In order to comply with the public demands and requirements for change and modernization, the energy sector will have to:
● Digitize
● Decentralize
● Decarbonize
We believe that these goals can be achieved if the energy sector can realize its own, specific version of the so-called “Internet of Things”.

Such an “Energy Internet” will require automatized communication between stakeholders and devices. For this to happen, we need harmonized and interoperable standards, for example where network codes are concerned. Furthermore, we require trusted data origins in order to guarentee a resilient and trustworthy foundation for automatized communication. All these needs can be met by Distributed Ledger Technology.
Blockchain technology, as the most well-developed, currently available form of Distributed Ledger Technology, can serve as a reliable foundation for the transformation of the energy sector. We therefore see it as the purpose of this working group to:
● support the development of blockchain solutions and decentralized applications that aim to help and accelerate this transformation, by developing community standards and defining requirements;
● increase the knowledge and acceptance of blockchain technology (including the field of token and cryptoeconomics) in the energy sector, and with established energy sector stakeholders in particular;
● provide a platform and a unified voice in discussions on policy changes, reforms to regulatory frameworks or issues with legal uncertainty; and
● foster community consensus on standards, conformity and security. This group aims to realize its stated purpose by fostering a spirit of collaboration, transparency, integrity and community.

The transformation of the energy sector is a global challenge, with universal characteristics. It is, therefore, paramount to develop solutions in an international and collaborative setting in order to avoid redundant developments and minimize failures. Due to the time sensitive nature of energy transition and climate change, resource efficiency should be a key factor in decision making. An Energy WG at INATBA can serve as a global platform for information exchange, standardization and harmonization that will help accelerate the development and acceptance of solutions.

The Education WG understands the need to develop and structure educational programs that can ensure that current and future decision makers understand blockchain technology, its possible applications and limitations. The purpose of the Working Group is to identify and provide recommendations on the definition and standardization of blockchain education, both on an academic and professional level. The aims of the Working Group include:
to provide recommendations for educational bodies and regulators which focused on education.
to map the key competencies required by blockchain managers and specialists and to provide guidelines on how to boost the educational programs delivered.
The Working Group is divided into two subgroups:
Educating about blockchain; and
Practical Use cases within educational institutes and organizations.

Blockchain and its application requires expert knowledge in order to ensure its succesful implementation across society.
Knowledge ensures the correct and most suitable application of blockchain. Accordingly, structured educational programs guarentee the delivery of the necessary educational contents and helps prepare the current and future generation of decision makers.
Further, any new global technology needs mass adoption and mass adoption can only be generated if ALL participants support global education and education standards.
Organizations such as universities, the European Parliament, NGO’s and foundations are running pilots to utilize blockchain within education. These use cases could have a huge impact within education which could create mass adoption. The knowledge acquired from these pilots and implemented solutions should be shared with other organizations across the educational market, such that everybody is able to learn the lessons learned from these initiatives.

The Supply Chain working group will facilitate interaction among Logistics providers, OEM, ERP providers, Regulators, public institutions or Existing blockchain consortia for the purpose of supporting and fostering the adoption of blockchain technology and blockchain applications in the supply chain industry.

Supply chain has been identified as key application industry for blockchain technology. In order to achieve the full potential of the technology, this working group will address how blockchain can help address key challenges in the supply chain industry:
Business Challenges:
Achieve critical mass and work as “ecosystem”
◊ Scalability
Disruption of the business model
◊ Openness / transparency vs.
Enable small players to enter the space
◊ Flexibility
Technical Challenges:
Today’s solutions are working in silos
◊ Value is in the data / trust / transparency
How to connect all elements of a supply chain w/ blockchain
◊ Sensors, assets, identities, ERPs, etc.

Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies have big potential and offer a unique set of tools to tackle some of the most pressing issues humanity is facing. Among them: climate change, donations & charity, food traceability, health, education and digital identity. In addition, DLT enables end-to-end transparency which is a prerequisite for eliminating fraud, corruption and negative health, safety and environmental impacts of global trade and supply chain.
This working group aims to leverage DLT for sustainability and social impact by:
Exploring and analyzing the current use cases and support them to scale
Developing guidelines and frameworks for impact measurement practices
Bridging the gap between blockchain projects with impact and capital (VC, Social investors, institutions…)

l87% of Millennials believe that business success should be based on more than just profit – Deloitte Millennial Survey
80% of global consumers agree that business must play a role in addressing societal issues. Edelman Trust Barometer 2016
75% agree that a company can take specific action that both increase profits and improve the economic and social conditions in the community in which it operates. Edelman Trust Barometer 2017
33% of consumers are now choosing to buy from brands they believe are doing social or environmental good. – unilever international study 2016
64% won’t take a job from a company that doesn’t have strong CSR practices- 2016 Cone Millennial Engagement study
75% say they would take a pay cut to work for a responsible company (vs. 55% U.S. average)- 2016 Cone Millennial Engagement study
These statistics show that social impact is getting more and more importance and shaping our behaviors and business perceptions.
The social impact market is however suffering from several issues:
Lack of consolidated frameworks to measure contributions globally of projects to social impact.
Lack of tools for funds traceability and impact transparency
Lack of financial resources & support especially to developing countries
Need to incentive/inspire projects or individuals to contribute to social good
Need to tackle Modern Slavery, Conflict Mineral trade, Human Rights Violations present in global supply chains, and incentivize ethical and responsible supply chain practices
Lack of coordination of the existing programs
Many of these issues can be solved (partially) with blockchain as it may bring a greater transparency and traceability of impact investments (funding,charity…) and impact measurement (proof of impact). It can also play an important role in incentivizing people to contribute to social good as well as organisations - through responsible, ethical and transparent sourcing practices that can be verified back to the source.
This work group is then essential to support the initiatives using blockchain for social impact and sustainability, build guidelines for impact measurement and help matching project owners with investors

To keep track of how privacy regulations relate to blockchain.
To issue opinions of how regulations should be adopted to be inclusive of distributed ledger technologies.
To seek dialog with regulators and where requested provide advice.
To pursue more blockchain/distributed ledger friendly privacy regulations.
Start with the gold-standard in data protection regulations: the GDPR
To understand and see how privacy (and the GDPR in particular) is related to identity, discuss with wg-identity on how both subjects correlate, and how the working groups can avoid duplicated efforts
To provide guidance to members and the general public on how to approach the GDPR when working with blockchain or other distributed ledger technologies.

Privacy regulations and their unclarity with regard to blockchain, are currently a big limiting factor in the development of distributed systems and networks. As regulators currently work on the assumption client-server architecture for IT systems, there are no provisions for blockchain/DLT.

As organisations working with this technology, we assume a large mutual interest amongst INATBA members in obtaining more guidance and particular help from the regulators. This may lead to issued guidance, on European level from the EDPB, change of current regulations and taking this key technology into account when drafting new regulations.

The voice of the industry needs to be heard and needs to be present in such discussions, and INATBA is the best available vehicle to establish a common opinion and provide input to the regulators.

We as a working group have the intention to gather all relevant Real Estate players and speak with one voice to the European Union and other international governmental bodies on subjects like regulation and international projects. Real Estate is one of the oldest and biggest industries and represents over €8.5 trillion in GDP per year (MSCI 2017 https://www.msci.com/documents/10199/6fdca931-3405-1073-e7fa-1672aa66f4c2). The combined value of all assets usually make up for the biggest asset class in any country with a huge economic, political and social impact. It is also characterized by a high degree of labour division and many different profession. Traditionally, the industry is conservative and slow in adopting new technologies. With regard to the huge leverage of the real estate industry new technologies like blockchain have a huge potential of adding value. The purpose of this working group is therefore to promote the potential of applying blockchain solutions in the industry. blockchain solutions also have the potential to save resources, reduce carbon-emissions and making internal processes more sustainable. According to scientific research, the built environment is responsible for 40% of the total energy use and the manufacturing of buildings represents 50% of the total flow of raw materials. These processes can be made more efficient using blockchain technology.

Real Estate is the biggest asset-class in the world. A building is not a construction on its own, but a large long term investment that impacts and is impacted by its surrounding. The built environment is a complex network with many stakeholders and heavily regulated. In a digital world with blockchain, a lot of the present information-flows between public and private parties can be reorganized in a more efficient way. The impact of this change on society will be great and therefore, preparation and interaction with all stakeholders will be crucial to canalize this change in the right direction with alignment of all relevant public bodies. Imagine the impact it can have on common markets like Cities, Energy, Property, Transport, Water.

Potential Value / Driver:
Interconnect land registries
There’s an increasing interest from land registries in the use of blockchain technology to improve the transparency and the efficiency of title deeds transfers and other registry transactions. For example the HMLR (UK HM Land Registry) is conducting a pilot witch such objectives (ref - https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252461839/HM-Land-Registry-completes-blockchain-trial)

This highlights the potential need for standardization and interoperability across different cross-national land registries which could benefit associations such the European Land Registry association ( https://www.elra.eu ). Raising the opportunity for INATBA to lead these efforts.Estimate on undigitalized market size /inefficiency costs
Create more transparency and liquidity
Optimization of the common usage of the built environment by society to prevent spoiling of commodities and minimize CO2-footprints
Optimization of supply-chain flows for (re-usable) construction-materials

All these potential value drivers will have a better chance to impact society in a positive way with a common approach by multiple stakeholders. To reach such a common approach is in the same time what makes these issues complex and why it is not likely they will be solved by single parties alone. The costs for single parties will be too high related to the benefits for them alone. That’s where the INATBA WG can contribute to create a momentum and might, with support of some influential stakeholders, foster a consortium-approach for these topics.

Public Authorities and Governments around the world are rapidly expanding their exploration and use of blockchains for a variety of uses. In the future, centralised authorities could become less relevant in the context of blockchain technologies. Their role could shift to providing a platform and governance for decentralised services rather than being at the centre of every transaction. In reviewing global trends and research, a number of blockchain technology use cases have emerged that governments are most actively exploring, and in some cases, actively implementing.
Digital Identity, Personal Records, Once-Only-Principle, Land title Registry, Voting, Fraud Detection, Cross Sector Services are just a few examples of possible blockchain Solutions for Public Sector. Many others are emerging and will be developed in the coming years. Immutability, Transparency, Confidentiality, Decentralisation, Data Quality, Coding and Governance Models are all challenges that need to be solved in order to allow blockchain Solutions to flourish in Europe.
Working on this specific Topic is key for INATBA in order to identify the potential of blockchain for Public Sector, share best practices and identify key challenges in order to find solutions at regional and global level. Because of the structure of INATBA and the open dialogue with Governments at European and Global level – in particular through the Government Advisory Body - creating a Committee focusing on this topic could bring concrete benefits to all Members.

We view public sector use cases as being among the most pertinent applications of DLT technologies and having an impact on all areas INATBA could be looking at, considering the vast array of public sector competences. Also, considering that international institutions, governments and other public authorities will be a natural interlocutor of INATBA, in particular via the Government Advisory Body, it seems essential to have a working group within the association which can develop a strong expertise and recommendations for the public sector.

In addition to advancing the general objectives of INATBA, the Mobility WG aims to investigate the specific challenges that the mobility sector will have to faces, now and in the future, as well as ways to enable the development of more efficient processes for mobility-related data sharing.
The Working Group will cover the entire value chain of the transport sector, focusing, in particular, on Mobility-as-a-Service, Smart Cities, automated driving, traffic management, clean mobility solutions, logistics and supply chains. The Committee will thus support:

Identification of stakeholders, existing implementations and showcasing of good practices and cases of success, impacts on increase of trust, interaction and security
Identification of barriers and challenges for the implementation and deployment of DLT enabled applications and services for the sector
Enable a dialogue between stakeholders of the sector, including private and public sector and in particular authorities and policy makers, for the development of consensus on harmonized solutions
Development of guidelines and specifications for the development of trusted DLT applications for Mobility
Defining standards for legally binding smart contracts and data/evidence for mobility
Interoperability and standardised application interfaces for information exchange as timetable and routing as well as for ticket handling which shall include error handling and settlement

Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies have a strong potential to solve challenges of the transport industry and of mobility services where the sharing of data and transactions among multiple actors is a hard requirement, and the existence of siloes along with the lack of trust between parties from different sectors can be detrimental to data accessibility.

Many applications based on blockchain and DLTs exist today for Supply Chain and Mobility and several initiatives have been set up at EU, national or city level. There is however still a lack of awareness and knowledge about the true potential of the enabling technology for intelligent transport systems, and in particular among the public sector and public authorities due to the fact that the concept is still abstract for many of the mobility stakeholders.

A few associations already exist focusing on blockchain for Transport and Mobility mainly concerning themselves with automotive applications. The topic however needs to be looked at with a holistic view.

TBD

The first generation of blockchains were specifically designed for particular use cases (e.g., digital money). Instead of forking Bitcoin, the second generation of blockchains built a new ecosystem where decentralized applications can interoperate with each other (on-chain interoperability). However, a single blockchain cannot support a mass adoption (scalability constraints) and cannot be adapted for any use case (adaptability constraints). In order to overcome these issues, it is necessary to construct a different ecosystem made by application specific blockchains that communicate among each other (cross-chain interoperability). For blockchain-based platforms to succeed, they will need to be able to communicate and share data, a property that is usually referred to as interoperability. As recognised by the European Union Blockchain Observatory Forum in their report on Scalability, Interoperability, and Sustainability, while interoperability between blockchains can be achieved in a number of different ways, these can be broken down into two categories. The first category involves the use of trusted third party authorities to validate transactions or information. Two or more blockchains, for example, might agree to trust an off-chain entity to either transfer information between the blockchains (an exchange) or to record the state of the respective blockchains so that each can trust what has transpired on the other (notary services). The second category involves sharing information directly between blockchains without the need for a third party authority.